Irritable bowel syndrome
The Irritable bowel syndrome page has been revised and updated.
Abdominal
Pancreatitis
A few minor additions have been made to the Pancreatitis page
Splenic artery aneurysms
The Other abdominal aneurysms page has been updated with additional information about splenic artery aneurysms.
Abdominal pain in pregnancy
A segment on Abdominal pain in the pregnant patient has been added to the Causes of abdominal pain page.
Acupuncture for severe chronic constipation
The Causes of abdominal pain page has been updated with information about the utility of acupuncture in the treatment of severe chronic constipation.
Achalasia
The Dysphagia page has been updated with some additional information about achalasia of the oesophagus.
Gynaecomastia – correction
The definition of gynaecomastia on the Examination of the abdomen and GIT page has been corrected. Previously it stated that > 2 mm of breast tissue was abnormal in a male, whereas the correct value is > 2 cm.
Portal venous thrombosis
A short segment on portal venous thrombosis has been added to the Ascites page.
CTA for suspected lower GI bleeding
Some additional information about the superiority of CTA over radiolabelled RBCs for the detection of the site of bleeding in lower GI haemorrhage has been added to the Lower intestinal haemorrhage page. Feuerstein, JD, Ketwaroo, G, Tewani, SK, et al. Localizing Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: CT Angiography Versus Tagged RBC Scintigraphy. AJR Am J Roentgenol … Read more
Clinical features of ascites
The Ascites page has been updated with some additional information about the clinical features of ascites.
Vertical transmission rate of HCV
The Infectious hepatitis page has been updated with the estimated rate of vertical transmission of HCV (~0.2-0.3%).
Upper GI haemorrhage
The Upper GI haemorrhage page has been revised and updated. Laine, L. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to a Peptic Ulcer. N Engl J Med 2016;374(24):2367-76.
Lower GI haemorrhage
The Lower intestinal haemorrhage page has been revised and updated. Strate, LL, Gralnek, IM. ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Patients With Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2016;111(4):459-74.
US of thickened small bowel
An US clip demonstrating thickened ileum and surrounding fluid has been added to the Ultrasound of the bowel page.
US image of subcutaneous abscess
An US clip of an encarcerated loop of small bowel in an epigastric hernia has been added to the Hernias page.
Epigastric hernia US
An US image of an encarcerated loop of small bowel in an epigastric hernia has been added to the Hernias page.
MRI for appendicitis
The Appendicitis page has been updated with new test characteristics of MRI. Petkovska, I, Martin, DR, Covington, MF, et al. Accuracy of Unenhanced MR Imaging in the Detection of Acute Appendicitis: Single-Institution Clinical Performance Review. Radiology 2016;279(2):451-60.
Ulcer size increases rebleeding risk
The Upper GI haemorrhage page has been updated and the size of the ulcer added as a risk factor for rebleeding. Camus, M, Jensen, DM, Kovacs, TO, et al. Independent risk factors of 30-day outcomes in 1264 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding in the USA: large ulcers do worse. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2016:n/a-n/a. . … Read more
Hepatitis B
The Infectious hepatitis page has been updated with an extensive revision of the Hepatitis B segment.
Mesenteric ischaemia
The Mesenteric ischaemia page has been extensively revised following the publication of the following review article. Campion, EW, Clair, DG, Beach, JM. Mesenteric Ischemia. New England Journal of Medicine 2016;374(10):959-68.