Urology

The Polycystic disease page has been updated with some additional information about management.

The Extracorporeal vascular access page has had a number of other minor updates.

The Extracorporeal vascular access page has been updated with additional information about fistula haemorrhage.

The Extracorporeal vascular access page has been updated with a short segment on the normal native fistula.

The Urinalysis page had a number of other minor updates.

The Urinary pH segment on the Urinalysis page has been updated and expanded.

The Ketonuria segment on the Urinalysis page has been updated and expanded.

The Urobilinogen segment on the Urinalysis page has been updated and expanded.

The Nitrites segment on the Urinalysis page has been updated and expanded.

The proteinuria segment on the Urinalysis page has been updated and expanded.

A new segment on bladder calculi has been added to the Ureteric calculi page.

A new segment on retroperitoneal haemorrhage has been added to the Loin pain page.

The segment on Paraphimosis on the Phimosis and Paraphimosis page has been revised and updated.

The segment on Paraphimosis on the Phimosis and Paraphimosis page has been revised and updated.

The Ureteric calculi page has been updated with information about dual energy CT.

The Ureteric calculi page has been updated with some clarification of stone names.

The Polycystic kidney disease page has been renamed Polycystic disease to emphasise the multiple organs that are commonly involved. The abbreviation PCK has been changed to PCD throughout the manual.