TOE to optimise chest compression location in BLS
The Basic life support page has been updated with additional information about the use of TOE to optimise the location of chest compression.
Resuscitation
Humeral head IO in OHCA
The Advanced life support page has been updated to include information that the humeral head IO route is associated with better outcomes in OHCA than the tibia in adults.
Blood cultures from central lines
The CVC insertion technique page has been updated with information about taking blood cultures through a central line.
Definition of fever
The Body temperature page has been updated with a short segment on the definition of fever.
Antidepressant effects of ketamine
The Induction agents page has been updated with some additional information about the antidepressant effects of ketamine.
Traumatic cardiac arrest
The Cardiac arrest in special circumstances page has been updated with additional information about traumatic cardiac arrest management.
Calcium release deficiency syndrome and sudden death
The Sudden cardiac death page has been updated with a new segment on calcium release deficiency syndrome.
Large bore peripheral IV cannulae
The segment on large bore peripheral cannulae in the Peripheral intravenous access page has been merged with the segment on RIC lines in the Peripheral venous cannula insertion page.
Substances to avoid giving through a peripheral IV line
The Peripheral venous access page has been updated with a revised section on substances best avoided being given through a peripheral venous line.
Intraosseous access
The Intraosseous access page has had a minor reorganisation and update.
US guided vascular access
A new page called US guided peripheral venous access has been created from the contents of the Difficult IV access page.
Stroke prevention in AF
The Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation page has had a number of other updates.
LAA occlusion in AF
The Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation page has been updated with additional information about LAA occlusion.
Device detected AF
The Assessment of atrial fibrillation/flutter page has been updated with additional information about device detected AF.
Limitations of the CHA2DS2VA score
The Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation page has been updated with additional information about the limitations of the CHA2DS2VA score.
CHA2DS2VA and stroke risk table
The table on the Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation page previously demonstrating the CHA2DS2Vasc score and stroke risk has been updated to demonstrate the CHADS2VA score and stroke risk.
Atrial fibrillation stroke risk
The Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation page has been updated with a revised segment on AF stroke risk.
Minimum O2 flow rate through a Hudson mask is 5L/min.
The Oxygen therapy page has been updated with expanded details on the minimum O2 flow rate through a Hudson face mask.
PaO2 and PaCO2
All instances of PO2 and PCO2 in the manual have been updated to PaO2 and PaCO2 whenever relevant to prevent readers thinking that PO2 and PCO2 may mean venous PO2 or PCO2.
Ensuring extent of neuromuscular paralysis is measured and reversed prior to extubation
The Endotracheal extubation page has been updated with additional emphasis on ensuring the extent of neuromuscular paralysis is measured and reversed prior to extubation. In particular, do not assume neuromuscular blockade will have worn off after a few hours in ED patients.