Resuscitation

The Pacemakers page has been revised with the contents re-ordered and information about the relative roles of transcutaneous and transvenous pacing added.

The Assessment of intravascular volume page has been updated and a short segment on IJ diameter and fluid responsiveness has been added.

The Opioids page has been updated with information about the very small risk of long term opioid use following an ED visit for pain.

The Syncope page has been revised, particularly the segment on orthostatic hypotension and laboratory investigations.

The Syncope page has been updated to include a small section on near syncope.

The Treatment of hypovolaemia and Clotting factor replacement pages have been updated with information about the use of AB and A group pre-thawed plasma. 

The Assessment of sepsis page has been updated with additional information about the prevalence and outcome of body temperature in sepsis. 

The potential risk of lignocaine with adrenaline has been downplayed on the Local anaesthesia page. 

The Procedural sedation page has been revised with additional information about intranasal/inhalational procedural sedation in the ED

The Procedural sedation page has been revised with additional information downplaying the importance of fasting status prior to procedural sedation in the ED.

Information about the PR interval and the risk of subsequently developing atrial fibrillation has been added to the Assessment of atrial fibrillation or flutter page. 

The Induction agents page has been updated highlighting the 2 different concentrations of midazolam ampoules – a potential source of drug administration error.

The Assessment of atrial fibrillation or flutter page has been updated with a number of minor improvements.

A series of improvements and additions have been made to the Atrial fibrillation/flutter arrhythmia management page. One recommendation of note is that metoprolol is considered as the first line rate control agent, if IV diltiazem is not available (as in Australia).

A segment about the role of observation in patients with rapid AF has been added to the Atrial fibrillation/flutter arrhythmia management page.

The Anaesthetic equipment and Endotracheal intubation pages have been updated with revised sections on pre-oxygenation.

A short segment on ECG predictors of subsequently developing atrial fibrillation has been added to the Assessment of atrial fibrillation or flutter page.